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BA.net feedsburner SeekingAlpha News 25/04/2008

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Investing in a Resource-Constrained World (Part IV)

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Originally published on author's blog on April 12.

Recent developments in the general market make it necessary for me to continue this serial article about investing in a resource constrained world. I will be talking about food, agriculture and energy related investment topics this time.

2008-04-25T06:17:50-04:00 Mark Anthony

Mark Anthony submits:

Originally published on author's blog on April 12.

Recent developments in the general market make it necessary for me to continue this serial article about investing in a resource constrained world. I will be talking about food, agriculture and energy related investment topics this time.


Complete Story »

ACI AGU APD BSC BTU BUCY CNX FSLR IPI JRCC MEE MOS NILSY PAL POT SWC TRA Mark Anthony

Thoughts on Inflation, or is that Deflation?

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You can't read a newspaper article without reading comparisons to a past financial crisis. The conclusions will vary depending upon which time period is used for the comparison. I though it was useful to run through the similarities and differences between this and past crises. The following table outlines the comparison between the current period and three prior periods: the Great Depression, the Stagflation of the 1970s, and a recent but mild recession in 1992. I look at various key stats, particularly as they relate to the current hot button issue: are we headed for higher inflation?


Great Depression (1929-40)
Stagflation (1972-83)
Gulf War (1990-93)
Real Estate Bust (2007-?)
General Price Direction:
-Great Depression - Deflation (-25% or -7% per year through 1933)
-Stagflation - Inflation (+140% or +8-9% per year)
-Gulf War - Disinflation (+10%, or +3-4% per year)
-Real Estate Bust - ?

Fed Funds Rate:
-Great Depression - Raised
-Stagflation - Lowered
-Gulf War - Lowered
-Real Estate Bust - Lowered

Note: The Fed lowered rates in '72-73 to fight recession, raised them sharply in 1980 to end inflation. The Gov't printed money in 1941 to finance war, which reinflated economy, after maintaining tight monetary policy throughout the Depression.

Unemployment Peak:
-Great Depression - 25% (1933)
-Stagflation - 10% (1982)
-Gulf War - 7.5% (1992)
-Real Estate Bust - 5% (Current)

Began with a Debt Crisis?
-Great Depression - Yes
-Stagflation - No
-Gulf War - Yes
-Real Estate Bust - Yes

Note: Interest rate hikes in 1980 to end inflation were the primary cause of S&L crisis during that decade, helped along by Congress in 1982.

Commodity Prices:
-Great Depression - Flat (after brief drop early)
-Stagflation - Up (+350% to 1982 peak)
-Gulf War - Flat/Slight decline
-Real Estate Bust - Up (+300% since 2002)

Real Estate Prices:
-Great Depression - Down
-Stagflation - Up
-Gulf War - Mixed - declines in certain markets
-Real Estate Bust - Down, severely in some markets (after bubble)

Currency Rates:
-Great Depression - Fluctuated (+0% vs GBP)
-Stagflation - Down (-43% vs DM)
-Gulf War - Flat (+2% vs DM)
-Real Estate Bust - Down (-40% vs Euro since 2002)

Stock Market:
-Great Depression - Down (-70% to 1933, -42% to 1940); bottom P/E: 8x
-Stagflation - Down (-37% to 1974, +50% to 1983); bottom P/E: 8x
-Gulf War - Up (+50%); P/E: 15-20x
-Real Estate Bust - Down (-15% to trough so far)

Peak-to-Trough EPS Growth:
-Great Depression: -27% (to 1933)
-Stagflation: +21% (to 1974)

Geopolitical:
-Great Depression: Turmoil and war in Europe and Asia
-Stagflation: Middle East, Vietnam, Cold War
-Gulf War: Middle East, End of Cold War
-Real Estate Bust: Middle East, Terrorism

Demographic/Technological Changes:
-Great Depression: Urbanization, Mass Production, Improved Farming
-Stagflation: Baby boom, robotics
-Gulf War: Computers, free trade
-Real Estate Bust: Rise of China/India, aging boomers

Identified Causes:
-Great Depression - Credit collapse, rising interest rates in the face of deflationary shocks, severe restrictions on international trade, European collapse, demographic/technology changes, tax hikes, severe drought
-Stagflation - Low interest rates in the face of rising inflation, de-linking of fixed currency unleashing pent-up inflationary pressures, tax hikes, technological change, demographic changes
-Gulf War - Credit crisis
-Real Estate Bust - Credit crisis, real estate bubble collapse, demographic change

The only similarity between the 1970ss and today is the surge in commodity prices and the decline in the dollar. However, these events occurred several years prior to the current crisis (since 2002), while in the '70s commodities surged while stocks declined and inflation heated up simultaneously. Commodities stayed flat during the Great Depression after a brief plunge early which reversed itself. Therefore, commodity prices do not appear to be a good indicator of recession or inflation, as they have behaved very differently in every period studied.

2008-04-25T06:14:47-04:00 Daniel Carroll

Daniel Carroll submits:

You can't read a newspaper article without reading comparisons to a past financial crisis. The conclusions will vary depending upon which time period is used for the comparison. I though it was useful to run through the similarities and differences between this and past crises. The following table outlines the comparison between the current period and three prior periods: the Great Depression, the Stagflation of the 1970s, and a recent but mild recession in 1992. I look at various key stats, particularly as they relate to the current hot button issue: are we headed for higher inflation?


Great Depression (1929-40)
Stagflation (1972-83)
Gulf War (1990-93)
Real Estate Bust (2007-?)
General Price Direction:
-Great Depression - Deflation (-25% or -7% per year through 1933)
-Stagflation - Inflation (+140% or +8-9% per year)
-Gulf War - Disinflation (+10%, or +3-4% per year)
-Real Estate Bust - ?

Fed Funds Rate:
-Great Depression - Raised
-Stagflation - Lowered
-Gulf War - Lowered
-Real Estate Bust - Lowered

Note: The Fed lowered rates in '72-73 to fight recession, raised them sharply in 1980 to end inflation. The Gov't printed money in 1941 to finance war, which reinflated economy, after maintaining tight monetary policy throughout the Depression.

Unemployment Peak:
-Great Depression - 25% (1933)
-Stagflation - 10% (1982)
-Gulf War - 7.5% (1992)
-Real Estate Bust - 5% (Current)

Began with a Debt Crisis?
-Great Depression - Yes
-Stagflation - No
-Gulf War - Yes
-Real Estate Bust - Yes

Note: Interest rate hikes in 1980 to end inflation were the primary cause of S&L crisis during that decade, helped along by Congress in 1982.

Commodity Prices:
-Great Depression - Flat (after brief drop early)
-Stagflation - Up (+350% to 1982 peak)
-Gulf War - Flat/Slight decline
-Real Estate Bust - Up (+300% since 2002)

Real Estate Prices:
-Great Depression - Down
-Stagflation - Up
-Gulf War - Mixed - declines in certain markets
-Real Estate Bust - Down, severely in some markets (after bubble)

Currency Rates:
-Great Depression - Fluctuated (+0% vs GBP)
-Stagflation - Down (-43% vs DM)
-Gulf War - Flat (+2% vs DM)
-Real Estate Bust - Down (-40% vs Euro since 2002)

Stock Market:
-Great Depression - Down (-70% to 1933, -42% to 1940); bottom P/E: 8x
-Stagflation - Down (-37% to 1974, +50% to 1983); bottom P/E: 8x
-Gulf War - Up (+50%); P/E: 15-20x
-Real Estate Bust - Down (-15% to trough so far)

Peak-to-Trough EPS Growth:
-Great Depression: -27% (to 1933)
-Stagflation: +21% (to 1974)

Geopolitical:
-Great Depression: Turmoil and war in Europe and Asia
-Stagflation: Middle East, Vietnam, Cold War
-Gulf War: Middle East, End of Cold War
-Real Estate Bust: Middle East, Terrorism

Demographic/Technological Changes:
-Great Depression: Urbanization, Mass Production, Improved Farming
-Stagflation: Baby boom, robotics
-Gulf War: Computers, free trade
-Real Estate Bust: Rise of China/India, aging boomers

Identified Causes:
-Great Depression - Credit collapse, rising interest rates in the face of

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